Vrot Tornado Intensity Estimator

Real-time EF rating probability from gate-to-gate shear + STP — Smith et al. 2020, Wea. Forecasting 35(6), Figure 13

1Tornado Location

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2Gate-to-Gate Velocities (0.5° tilt preferred)

Inbound (toward radar) — kt

Outbound (away from radar) — kt

Absolute values. Peak gate within TVS, ≤ 5 nm gate sep. Higher tilts underestimate surface winds.

3STP & Population Density

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